Tag Archives: eschatology

Surprised by Hell: J. I. Packer Rebuts, Part 1

James I. Packer, a prominent evangelical scholar, challenges annihilationism on several grounds in his thoughtful article “Evangelical Annihilationism”. I insert relevant verses in full text here and there to make it easier for the reader to follow the discussion. He … Continue reading

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Surprised by Hell: The Devil and His Angels

This is just a note to comment on the fact that, although lost humans will die in the Lake of Fire, the devil and his angels will suffer perpetual, unending torment. (Mat 25:41) “Then he will say to those on … Continue reading

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Surprised by Hell: The Consuming Fire

Up to this point, I remain astonished at how consistent the scriptures are on the fate of the saved and lost. But there is an inconsistency. Revelation describes those outside of Jesus as dying in the Lake of Fire, this … Continue reading

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Surprised by Hell: Who Will Be Resurrected?

In Surprised by Hope, N. T. Wright argues extensively that “resurrection” refers exclusively to a bodily resurrection. First Century Greeks, for example, believed in the immortality of the soul (our disembodied selves) but had no concept of a resurrection. I’ve … Continue reading

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Surprised by Hell: The Patristics

When we come to the Patristics, we find that the earliest writers go in three directions. Origen taught a form of universalism. Tertullian taught everlasting torment. But perhaps the earliest of the preserved, uninspired writings teaches annihilation. The Didache 16:13-17 … Continue reading

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Surprised by Hell: The Old Testament

The Old Testament says very little about hell or the fate of the wicked. However, when the question is squarely addressed, the scriptures teach the utter destruction of the wicked. Consider Psalm 37 — (Psa 37) Of David. Do not … Continue reading

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Surprised by Hell: Degrees of Punishment

It’s been argued that God cannot destroy the damned as the Bible predicts degrees of punishment for the lost. (Mat 10:15) I tell you the truth, it will be more bearable for Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment … Continue reading

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Surprised by Hell: A Heavenly Time

Alan keeps asking these fascinating questions. If time is a feature of this creation, and souls of the dead live outside this creation, then by definition they do not experience time. So they are eternal. Perhaps they can observe creation … Continue reading

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Surprised by Hell: Eternity

I think this is going to be our last word study. I just want to be sure that “eternal” doesn’t necessarily mean “everlasting,” as it’s so often translated. We need to quickly run through several of the verses speaking in … Continue reading

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Surprised by Hell: Eternal Fire

We continue our word study by looking at some of the many passages that speak of the damned being sent to the lake of fire, eternal fire, or the like. Fire (2 Pet 3:7) By the same word the present … Continue reading

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