The Age of Accountability: Original Sin

8/8/2010I guess we have to start with the doctrine of original sin. The term is used in different senses by different people, but regardless of the vocabulary you choose, the idea is that Adam’s sin in inherited, so that even infants are damned until baptized.

Historical roots

Original sin is often associated with Calvinism, but in fact the doctrine is much older than Calvin and is taught by the Catholic Church among many other non-Calvinistic churches. However, the Eastern Orthodox Churches reject the teaching, while still practicing infant baptism. The Orthodox did not formally separate from Roman Catholics until about 1001 AD, showing that original sin did not become accepted doctrine until long after infant baptism.

Infant baptism arises, not from the doctrine of original sin, but the fear that a child who dies young may be lost if not baptized. After all, until modern times — until the advent of antibiotics and modern medicine — the death rate for infants was very high. It’s easy to see why early Christians wanted the comfort of baptizing their children as infants. Continue reading

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Colossians 2:15

Colossae mound

(Col 2:15 ESV) 15 He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in him.

Recall the context. V. 14 vividly speaks of God nailing our indebtedness to him to the cross. V. 15 continues the theme of describing what God has accomplished in the cross.

(“In him” at the end of v. 15 could equally well refer to “in it,” that is, “in the cross,” which would be the natural antecedent. “Cross” is a masculine word, leaving the pronoun at the end of v. 15 ambiguously referring to God or the cross. I think “the cross” is the more natural reading, but translators disagree. The context is nonetheless clearly Jesus’ death on the cross.)

Paul speaks of the “rulers and authorities” being disarmed, openly shamed, and triumphed over — all by the power of the cross. Jesus’ death overcame the rulers. Continue reading

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Church Plants and Missions: A Framework: Benefits; Time Off

Benefits

  • We encourage our missionaries to attend continuing education at least once at year, to be paid for out of the work fund.

I began this series pointing out the failure of many churches and many missionaries to keep up with the latest methods and research on how to do missions. Missionaries need continuing education — just as do preachers and elders — except more so, because missionaries are often all alone, far removed from other opportunities to keep up. Amazon doesn’t deliver to the African bush. Continue reading

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Church Web Site Design

I have a question: What makes for an excellent church web site?

We’re looking at spiffing up our site, and I thought it would be helpful to hear from several voices just what a church needs to put on its site and how best to present it.

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Looking for a Church in Jacksonville, Florida

I have a friend of a friend looking for a progressive congregation in Jacksonville, Florida. Any suggestions?

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The Holy Spirit: Romans 12:3-8

(Rom 12:3-5 ESV)  3 For by the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think, but to think with sober judgment, each according to the measure of faith that God has assigned.  4 For as in one body we have many members, and the members do not all have the same function,  5 so we, though many, are one body in Christ, and individually members one of another.

Paul is leading up to a discussion of gifts of the Spirit, but he starts by speaking of honest self-assessment. Among many Christians, the very real command to be humble is interpreted as ordering low self-esteem. That’s most certainly not what Paul teaches. Rather, Paul wants us to honestly evaluate ourselves. And if that means we are gifted to be leaders, we should prepare for leadership and ultimately lead. Continue reading

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“The Red Letters Project” — Lyrics by Matthew, an apostle of Jesus of Nazareth

Tyndale House publishing — not your usual source for rock and roll music — has just released “The Red Letters Project,” a 3 CD set of rock music including all of Jesus’ words recorded in the Gospel of Matthew. That’s right: the lyrics are all of Jesus’ words recorded in Matthew.

There are 40 songs, in varying styles, most written or co-written by Mario Canido. And they are surprisingly good. I say “surprisingly” because even U2 or Bruce Springsteen would struggle to put out 3 CDs of uniformly excellent material. And Christian musicians often struggle in the rock genre. Most Christian singers are more into pop, ballads, praise hymns, singer-songwriter, emo … that sort of thing. Add to that the constraints of singing around prose rather than poetry, well, rocking out through Matthew is just hard to do.

It turns out that the CD was made and produced by first-rate musicians. It takes incredible talent to fit such familiar prose into music. The words don’t rhyme and the prose often lacks regular meter. This is a clearly a project of passion for the musicians and producers.

Christianity Today offers this review. This is a review from IndieVisionMusic. Several consumers have reviewed it at Amazon. The closest analogy I can think of is Green Day. Some songs have a rap element. Some are more Southern Rock. All have strong bass and drum play — making it genuine rock, not pop.

Of course, the lyrics are beyond impeccable. They’re holy. But even divine lyrics won’t rescue bad music. And the music is good. The styles vary. You likely won’t like every song, but if you’re a true rock fan, you’ll love many of them. I suspect most listeners will choose to skip some songs that don’t suit their tastes (but I do that no matter who I’m listening to). My tastes run more toward classic rock, and so I like the strong rhythm tracks. This is not Jars of Clay or Chris Tomlin. If your tastes run toward easy listening, don’t buy this. Continue reading

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“Lift Up Your Eyes,” by Marc Scibilia

Y’varekh’ka ADONAI v’yishmerekha
Ya’er ADONAI panav eleikha vichunekka
Yissa ADONAI panav eleikha v’yasem l’kha shalom

Lift up your eyes, Lift up your eyes
You who sit in darkness will see the light if you’ll Lift up your eyes

The LORD bless you and keep you.
The LORD make his face shine upon you and be gracious to you.
The LORD lift up His countenance upon you and give you peace.

Lift up your eyes, Lift up your eyes
You who sit in darkness will see the light if you’ll Lift up your eyes

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Church Plants and Missions: A Framework: Termination; Pay

Termination

  • Should the missionary fail to adhere to the moral and spiritual standards that apply to all our ministers, we may, at our discretion, cease all support immediately without severance.

It’s a sad truth that sometimes you have to fire a minister or missionary. This language comes from a covenant that a missionary proposed to us, and I suppose it works well enough. The fact is that we’d likely be a little more generous to the missionary than one a on-site minister just because it’s so very hard for a missionary to find alternative support once the church cuts him off. I mean, he’s in the wrong country to do fund raising.

I think most churches tend to cut their missionaries quite a bit of slack when it comes to performance just out of appreciation for the very challenging work they’ve taken on. Rather, where congregations tend to be most unfair to the missionary is where they cut the missionary off for purely financial reasons — such as a desire to build a new building or a decline in contributions.

  • Should we terminate our support of a missionary before the expiration of the term of our commitment, other than for a failure to adhere to the moral or spiritual standards that apply to all our ministers, and not by mutual agreement with the missionary, we will continue the missionary’s salary for six months or until he or she secures other support or employment, whichever come first.

This policy statement covers what happens if we have to cut support for a reason other than firing him or her for performance or moral issues. The church should definitely be committed to a very generous severance arrangement, as the missionary will likely have to come stateside and work for months seeking alternative support. If more than six months notice can be given, the church should do so. I think the church should pay six months pay, at least, even if it delays a needed building program.

  • Should the mission be terminated by mutual agreement, other than for a failure to adhere to the moral or spiritual standards that apply to all our ministers —
    • We will establish a fund to provide for reentry into the USA.  This fund will be used solely for the costs of setting up a household in the USA or other mutually agreed location.
    • Expenses incurred for this purpose will be paid based on invoices provided, up to the amount of the fund.
    • Upon his or her return to the USA or other mutually agreed location, we will continue the missionary’s salary for six months or until the missionary secures other support or employment, whichever come first.

Re-entry is an area that churches and missionaries don’t think that much about. The missionary may intend to stay 10 or more years in the foreign country, and to a 20-year old, that seems like forever. The church may have no experience with re-entering missionaries.

Missionaries often struggle a lot when they come back to the US. A 30-year old missionary might have been the virtual pastor of his church overseas. At home, he won’t have the autonomy and freedom he’s used to, because he’ll have to work within a structure of elders, deacons, preachers, committees, etc. even in a smaller church.

If he’s been gone for long at all, he’ll suffer some culture shock. He may be astonished at the relative luxury and ease of American life, at the difficulty of getting a job, and how much of the popular culture he no longer knows. He and his wife will have lost committed friends and a way of life. Coming back is hard.

When they return, they need encouragement, love, and support. The sponsoring church shouldn’t leave them high and dry.

Pay

  • The church and missionary will agree on the desired amount of the missionary’s pay to be raised.

Many churches have the attitude that their concern is purely what they pay to the missionary, and so the missionary is free to raise whatever money he wishes. This is a bad idea. The sponsoring church has a responsibility to oversee the missionary’s work, and the amount he is paid is part of it.

  • All gifts and support will be paid to the church and remitted by the church to the missionary.

No church should agree to be the sponsoring church unless all support and work funds flow through the church. The church can’t know whether the missionary is being fairly paid unless it knows the total picture. And the other churches are expecting the sponsoring church to know.

Moreover, missions team members should be aware of the missionary’s total compensation. What he makes from other sources is not a secret and not private. Rather, it’s their responsibility to know. And they have an obligation to issue an accurate Form 1099 to the missionary and the IRS. They can’t do this if the missionary is collecting funds from other sources.

  • No donations in excess of that pay (directly to the missionary or through the church) will be allowed unless the donations are added to the work fund.

That means the missionary can’t get himself or herself a raise by doing fundraising outside the sponsoring church. His pay should be what the missionary and sponsoring church agree, not whatever the missionary can raise. We don’t want the missionary chasing dollar when he ought be chasing souls, but neither do we want him to be under paid. He’s entitled to a fair compensation package.

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MDR: How much misery? (Third draft)

I get emails –

Jay,

I have done some counseling with people in the church. One brother in his 60’s told me recently that he had been very unhappy and even miserable in his married life for over 35 years. They stayed married but now his grown children are fairly miserable and depressed themselves. This man told me he wonders if he will go to heaven because he was such a bad father (not abusive or a drunkard, just ineffectual and unhappy). Have we (Christian teachers) led people to believe they would be better off being miserable for 40 years than getting a divorce and going to hell?

I am so blessed to be with someone I could love for many years. But not everyone is so fortunate. Is it right for me to tell someone less fortunate you must remain in this  wretched, pathetic marriage for the rest of your life because you made a bad decision when you were a 19 year old?  In fact, I haven’t said that , but that is what most church of Christ people believe and if a preacher told them differently it would start a firestorm of trouble.

I usually say something like, “knowing that God wants you to be faithful and happy, what do you need to do for that to happen?” Any further feedback or advice from scripture you or your readers can give me?


Does God want me to be happy?

Let’s start by looking at the assumption: “God wants you to be faithful and happy.” Okay, I’m good with “faithful”; not so good with “happy.” You know, “happy” rarely shows up in the New Testament. The ESV never uses the word at all in the New Testament.

Some have suggested that “blessed” should be translated “happy,” but I’m not convinced. Consider —

(Mat 5:3-4,10-12 ESV) 3 “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

4 “Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.

10 “Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

11 “Blessed are you when others revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account. 12 Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven, for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

Now, in each case, Jesus mentions a person in need of a blessing and then promises a blessing, connected with the word “for.” The blessing of those who mourn is comfort. And what sense would it make to translate (as some would have it): “Oh, how happy are those who mourn!” Are you kidding?

The Moulton-Milligan Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament says regarding “blessed” “in Hebrew thought denotes a state of true well-being.” And I think that’s right. To be “blessed” is to enjoy God’s favor. And, of course, someone who enjoys God’s favor has very good reason to be happy, but may not feel that way. Mary the mother of Jesus was a blessed woman even while Jesus was hanging on the cross, but she certainly wouldn’t have considered herself happy at the time.

Just so, if I’ve lost a friend and I’m mourning, as a Christian I’m blessed to know that I’ll see my friend at the end of time, but I still mourn. I’m blessed but not really happy. I will be happy! But not necessarily now. The happiness that’s promised is eschatalogical — that is, happiness when we leave to be with God. That’s not that same as being happy today.

Or look at it this way: parents want their children to be happy, but good parents often impose serious unhappiness on their children so they can enjoy greater happiness later. I’ve grounded my kids — making them very unhappy — so they wouldn’t grow up to be unhappy jerks. I think God takes the larger view, too.

Yes, God wants me to be happy, but happiness in heaven outweighs any suffering or pain in this life — and sometimes suffering today is needed to receive happiness in heaven. That is, indeed, one of the central points of the Beatitudes.

What makes me happy?

Scientists have recently done considerable study on what makes people happy. I just read an article on who the happiest people on the planet are. Do you know who — which tribe or nation — are the happiest people on earth? It’s the Inuit of Greenland!

That’s right. People who live in the freezing cold, barely eeking out a living on the ice, are the world’s happiest people.

The Masai come in second. They live in Kenya and Tanzania, in east Africa. The Masai raise cattle, enjoy drinking a mixture of milk and cow’s blood, straight from a vein, and live in houses made of dung and urine. And they’re the second happiest people on the planet. Does anyone want to join them?

What do they say are two happiest days of a boat owner’s life? The day you buy it and the day you sell it! You see, I read a book called Stumbling on Happiness, by Daniel Gilbert. I don’t think the author is a Christian. But he’s an expert on what makes people happy. He’s a professor who’s spent his life studying that one question. And you’ll never believe what his experiments and studies have proven. He’s found that we are all idiots when it comes to knowing what will make us happy.

We are very good at knowing whether we are happy, but just awful at anticipating what will make us happy. Will that new boat bring happiness? We guess wrong. New house? New wife? New car? Study after study shows that people make terrible decisions, anticipating that this or that will make them happy, and they’re usually wrong.

That doesn’t mean no one’s happy. It’s just that if we’re happy, it’s often for unexpected reasons.

How many have done something just dreading it only to discover that it was a great time? According to the non-Christian author, there are only two ways to know.

  • First, you can try it. But that’s often expensive or impossible to reverse. Leave your wife, and you likely won’t be able to get her back. Buy a big house and you may not be able to sell it for what it cost you.
  • Second, you can ask people who have just done it or are in the process of doing it. We tend to romanticize our memories, justifying our decisions, so we remember ourselves as happier than we really were. But if you ask someone who is doing it right now, you’ll get a straight answer — unless he’s too embarassed to admit how badly he messed up.

If you’re wondering whether you’ll enjoy going out with a certain boy, you might ask his last girl friend. If you’re wondering whether you’ll enjoy mission work, ask someone on a mission trip or who just came back. Don’t ask someone who left the mission field 10 years ago. They’ll romanticize their memories.

Christians, fortunately, have a better source of happiness. Let’s read a few verses.

(Psa 16:11)  You have made known to me the path of life; you will fill me with joy in your presence, with eternal pleasures at your right hand.

This is a psalm of David. Remember that he spent years living off the land, fleeing from Saul. After he became king, he was shamed by his sin with Bathsheba, and God took the life of their first baby and the lives of his oldest three sons. And yet he gives God credit for showing him how to live and filling him with joy. How can that be?

(Psa 19:7-8)  The law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul. The statutes of the LORD are trustworthy, making wise the simple. 8 The precepts of the LORD are right, giving joy to the heart. The commands of the LORD are radiant, giving light to the eyes.

That’s a little surprising, isn’t it? David finds joy in God’s law, his statutes, his precepts, and his commands. I usually think of commands as telling me not to do what I really want to do. But David says joy is found in obedience.

(Luke 10:17)  The seventy-two returned with joy and said, “Lord, even the demons submit to us in your name.”

Jesus sent 72 missionaries out, telling them,

(Luke 10:4-8)  Do not take a purse or bag or sandals; and do not greet anyone on the road. 5 “When you enter a house, first say, ‘Peace to this house.’ 6 If a man of peace is there, your peace will rest on him; if not, it will return to you. 7 Stay in that house, eating and drinking whatever they give you, for the worker deserves his wages. Do not move around from house to house. 8 “When you enter a town and are welcomed, eat what is set before you.

They left without a penny or even spare sandals, for a very long walk. No hotels. No cell phones. No credit cards. They had to hope someone would take them in and feed them. If not, they’d starve. And they were joyful. Well, it must have been amazing to so trust God that you would take these risks and find that God takes care of you and that your message is heard. Of course, they were joyful. But if you’d asked them before their journey, what would they have said?

Like the rest of us, they were likely idiots when it came to knowing what would make them happy. But working for Jesus on his terms did — but they wouldn’t have known it until they tried it.

(Rom 14:17-18)  For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit, 18 because anyone who serves Christ in this way is pleasing to God and approved by men.

Being a Christian is about “joy in the Holy Spirit.” God says: find joy in the Holy Spirit through serving Christ. How does that work?

It all fits together. God lives in us through his Spirit. This allows God to give us joy as we serve him, using our talents for him and maturing in his virtues. That’s not to say that we’re never be sad or upset. Rather, it’s having God’s joy within us that allows us to see everything from God’s perspective — and gives us the confidence — the faith — to live as God tells us, knowing that his goal is our happiness, but happiness that he gives on his terms — which is much, much better than anything we can accomplish on our own. After all, we’re idiots. (Some of us even buy boats.)

When we were newlyweds, my wife attended a neighborhood Bible study with a bunch of housewives. Several were divorced and remarried. Every single one of them said they wished they’d never been divorced — despite the misery they had endured before the divorce. You see, divorce sometimes leads from one kind of misery to another. It doesn’t always fix things.

Now, I’m not stupid. I know that plenty of spouses are so very bad – wicked even — that a divorce really will make things better. Maybe not great, but better. I mean, if your husband beats you up every Friday night, getting out of the house really will be better for you.

But very often, divorces don’t make things better. It may be because the ex works hard to make your post-marriage life a living hell. It may be for financial reasons. It may be that you have terrible taste in spouses and marry a second spouse just as bad as the first. Or maybe you just can’t bear seeing your children raised in a broken household. There are lots of possibilities. I’m just saying that divorce isn’t always the cure.

No, there is a very real value in treating marriage as a covenant before God, because it forces spouses to work to make it work. And that often produces much better results than a divorce — not always, but often. And when the church leadership and righteous friends get involved to help the spouses grow up, learn to serve, and break bad habits, sometimes things get very good indeed. My congregation has many an almost-divorced couple that found happiness without a divorce.

You see, the skills you have to learn to make the second marriage happy are the very same skills you have to learn to make the first marriage happy. And if both spouses are motivated to learn and to grow, the first marriage can often be not only saved but blessed. Indeed, sometimes the first marriage can be happy.

Again — I’m not saying that every marriage can be saved. Often times, one spouse is simply unwilling to even try. But two motivated people who were once deeply in love can usually pull it off — if their friends and church leaders will help.

Posted in Divorce and Remarriage, Uncategorized | 6 Comments