Backgrounds of the Restoration Movement: The Missionary Society

passioncartoonLate in his career, Alexander Campbell argued strenuously for a national missionary society. In many states, Restoration Movement churches had already organized societies (a 19th Century term for a nonprofit organization) to send out missionaries and to do other good works. Campbell thought the work of the church would be enhanced by a national effort.

As reported by one historian,

The First National Organization

In Cincinnati, O., during October 24-28, 1849, 156 representatives from 100 churches situated in 11 States met as the first National Convention. It was to have been a ‘delegate’ convention, but as many well-known Disciples were present without credentials the rules were waived and the convention became a mass meeting. … Alexander Campbell was named president, (and he held office until his death about 16 years later): vice-presidents were D. S. Burnet, John O’Kane, John T. Johnson, Walter Scott. James Challen was appointed secretary, but was soon succeeded by D. S. Burnet. The Society’s aim was to promote the gospel both at home and abroad. This occurred forty years after the issuing of the ‘Declaration and Address’. Continue reading

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Press “1” If …

My fourth and youngest child has finished high school! This is on account of having all those school years behind me.

From an Australian public school’s answering machine …

school_message.mp3

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Neo-Calvinism: An Introduction to Neo-Calvinism

Several months ago, I received an email saying I appeared to be a neo-Calvinist. I had no idea what that meant, but as my correspondent knows I’m no Calvinist, I figured I should investigate. And I have. And I’m not a neo-Calvinist — because you have to be a Calvinist to be a neo-Calvinist. So maybe I’m more of a neo-Arminian. Except “neo-Arminian” as a term has already been taken for other purposes. And I’m really somewhere between Calvinism and Arminianism, so call me a neo-Calvi-minian. According to Google, the term is available for use, so I hereby claim it.

To get a grasp of neo-Calvinism we have to go back to the 19th Century scholar and prime minister of the Netherlands Abraham Kuyper (or Kuijper — the Dutch have some very strange spellings). Kuyper was, of course, a Calvinist, but a new kind of Calvinist. He asserted —

There is not a square inch of the entire world of which Christ does not rightly say, That Is Mine. Continue reading

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Sex, the Church, and Miss California: Mixed Messages from the Church?

meatcutsI just read a fascinating article about Christians and sex from the Associated Press (of all places!) —

The agonizing message to a young Christian couple in love: Sex can wait, but so can marriage.

‘It’s unreasonable to say, ‘Don’t do anything … and wait until you have degrees and you’re in your 30s to get married,’ ‘ said Margie Zumbrun, who did wait for sex, and married Stephen fresh out of Purdue University. ‘I think that’s just inviting people to have sex and feel like they’re bad people for doing it.’

Against that backdrop, a number of evangelicals are promoting marrying earlier, nudging young adults toward the altar even as many of their peers and parents are holding them back.

Couples like the Zumbruns are caught between two powerful forces — evangelical Christianity’s abstinence culture, with its chastity balls and virginity pledges, and societal forces pushing average marriage ages deeper into the 20s. Continue reading

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Neo-Calvinism: A Plea

I’m about to start a series on something called “Neo-Calvinism.” I’m pretty excited about it, mainly because it’s an area of theology I’ve been meaning to get to for a while. I think there’s a lot to learn here. But I’ve put off the study for months because, well, I hate listening to Calvinist – Arminian (in the sense of “not Calvinist”) arguments. I do. I confess it.

Why? Well, it’s nothing personal against Calvinists as such. Some of my best friends are Calvinists. It’s just, well … these arguments can be so annoying. You see, both Calvinists and Arminians have their proof texts. And when they argue on the internet, they just talk past each other with each side citing their favorite text or argument, and neither bothering to actually wrestle with the other guy’s text or argument — and I’ve heard it all before, many, many times.

So let me say this plainly. Yes, there are classic Calvinistic proof texts and there are classic Arminian proof texts. And if you try to build your theology on one set of texts or the other, you are no better than Thomas Jefferson, who literally cut texts that he disagreed with out of the Bible. It’s all quite foolish and pointless and just tedious beyond words. Continue reading

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Sex, the Church, and Miss California: On Modesty

meatcutsIf it’s a sin for a man to lust, it’s a sin for a woman to tempt the man to lust. We have to teach our women and girls to sacrifice fashion for the sake of God and protecting marriages.

Women see clothing as “cute” and dress to please one another. When a girl wears a camisole as a blouse, she thinks she’s being fashionable. Her mother thinks she’s darling. A man thinks she wearing bedroom clothing to advertise her sexual willingness. Men don’t read fashion magazines, but they know lingerie when they see it—and they know where and why lingerie is supposed to be worn.

Just so, when a woman reveals her breasts with a low-cut blouse, or wears low-riding jeans or skin tight pants, men see her as trying to be sexy–for a purpose. Some women in fact dress this way seeking to attract men. Others are just naïve. Either way, such clothing choices are inappropriate—even sinful—for Christians and their daughters. Continue reading

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Sex, the Church, and Miss California: Women’s Lib and Beauty Pageants

meatcutsI graduated from high school in 1972, the first class not to have a draft number. It was the age of hippies, war protesters, and assasinations. And women’s lib.

The Equal Rights Amendment was in the headlines daily, and the struggle was for women to have equal pay for equal work. The Equal Rights Amendment never passed, but sex discrimination in employment was banned by the Civil Rights Act, and other gender distinctions were eliminated by numerous changes to state laws by legislatures and courts. Alabama, for example, eliminated nearly all gender distinctions as to property rights during the 1970s.

And by the standards of the 1970s, I’m a feminist. That is, I believe women should receive equal pay for equal work and should be hired for whatever work they qualify for. I distinctly remember that when my wife got her first job after college (as a CPA), she was paid less than men of equal or lesser qualification. You see, many of the firm’s clients wouldn’t allow a woman to audit their books. She passed the CPA exam on her first try. And we really could have used the money she didn’t get paid. Continue reading

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Sex, the Church, and Miss California: Serving the Hurting

meatcutsThe church should be a community that … loves and nurtures the hurting souls and bruised lost ones who seriously desire to be shown another way but are too consumed at this moment to see anything else.

This is big. To get the sense of David Fitch’s comment, we need to recall that he is speaking in the context of the church’s witness to the gay and lesbian community. How does a church that teaches (correctly) that homosexual sex is sin speak to this community? Well, through love and nurture.

You see, we don’t have a prayer of being heard if our message is: “We love you but …” Rather, to be heard, we must demonstrate the kind of love Jesus expressed to the sinners he came in contact with. It’s not that we approve their sin. We don’t. It’s that we love first and love intensely long before we get to: this is sin.

Let’s reflect a bit on some earlier passages. Continue reading

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Backgrounds of the Restoration Movement: Baptism, Primitivism, and Heresy, Part 2

passioncartoonThis brings us to the famous Lunenburg letter correspondence.

Some of Campbell’s early writing often seems to suggest that he considered baptism essential to salvation. And this was conventional wisdom within much of the Movement.

However, Stone had never considered baptism essential, considering receipt of the Spirit, as evidenced by a reformed life, a truer test of salvation. Nonetheless, he practiced baptism.

Campbell’s views became much clearer in a series of articles in response to the so-called Lunenburg Letter written in 1837. When asked whether there are Christians among the “sects” or denominations, Campbell was glad to answer– Continue reading

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Backgrounds of the Restoration Movement: Baptism, Primitivism, and Heresy, Part 1

passioncartoonThe Restoration Movement was not begun with baptism in mind. Indeed, Barton W. Stone, Thomas Campbell, and Alexander Campbell had all begun their ministries and had written some of their most famous documents long before baptism became an issue. You see, early on, the Movement was about unity and a rejection of the strict version of Calvinism that taught you could not be saved until you had a saving experience.

Unity was to be built on the foundation of faith in Jesus and the rejection of inferences as tests of fellowship. Salvation came from a free will decision based on an awareness of one’s lost condition and acceptance of the “gospel facts” — that Jesus is the Messiah crucified and resurrected for our sins.

At the same time, there was a strain of thought that some call “primitivism,” that is, a desire to return to First Century practices. The scriptures were scoured for lessons on how to worship, how to organize the church, and such. However, these conclusions were not tests of fellowship. Alexander Campbell himself made it clear that he didn’t consider the pattern of worship that he taught a salvation issue, as noted recently by John Mark Hicks. Continue reading

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